The hyaenodontid clade within the former Creodonta
We recently looked at
the wolverine / Oxyaena branch of the traditional, but polyphyletic Creodonta here.
Today we’ll look at
sample taxa from the unrelated Hyaenodon clade (Fig 1) of the traditional, but polyphyletic Creodonta.
With no living relatives
the Hyaenodon clade in the large reptile tree (LRT, 2325 taxa) is a diverse lot of carnivores from mouse-sized to hippo-sized. Here (Fig 1) they are shown to scale. Yelllow-boxed taxa are enlarged for detail and to demonstrate similarity between small Deltatherium and large Harpagolestes uintensis and Sinonyx.
Figure 1. The mesonychid clade includes mid-sized Mesonyx along with larger and smaller taxa mostly distinguished by tall sagittal crest, small orbit and sharp canines.
” data-medium-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/harpagolestes_macrocephalus_andrewsarchus_sinonyx_to_scale588-1.gif?w=91″ data-large-file=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/harpagolestes_macrocephalus_andrewsarchus_sinonyx_to_scale588-1.gif?w=310″ class=”size-full wp-image-90060″ src=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/harpagolestes_macrocephalus_andrewsarchus_sinonyx_to_scale588-1.gif” alt=”Figure 1. The mesonychid clade includes mid-sized Mesonyx along with larger and smaller taxa mostly distinguished by tall sagittal crest, small orbit and sharp canines.” width=”584″ height=”1931″ srcset=”https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/harpagolestes_macrocephalus_andrewsarchus_sinonyx_to_scale588-1.gif?w=584&h=1931 584w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/harpagolestes_macrocephalus_andrewsarchus_sinonyx_to_scale588-1.gif?w=45&h=150 45w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/harpagolestes_macrocephalus_andrewsarchus_sinonyx_to_scale588-1.gif?w=91&h=300 91w, https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/harpagolestes_macrocephalus_andrewsarchus_sinonyx_to_scale588-1.gif 588w” sizes=”(max-width: 584px) 100vw, 584px” />
Figure 1. The Hyaneodon clade includes mid-sized Mesonyx along with larger and smaller taxa mostly distinguished by tall sagittal crest, small orbit and sharp canines.
Phylogenetically
this clade became larger in size, reached an apex in Andrewsarchus, then decreased in size thereafter, getting back to their original 4cm skull size with Didymoconus.
The larger taxa
had proportionately wider cheekbones and a narrower cranium, indicating this was not a brainy clade. All were quadrupeds.
Mesonyx has flattened molars,
indicating wear over time due to an herbivorous diet not shared with other taxa. Harpagolestes uintensis was also hippo-like.
Hyaenodon leptorhynchus
(Laizer and Parieu 1838; Scott 1895; Eocene to Miocene) was traditionally considered a credont and a placental. It was a carnivore that hunted with its saberteeth. This was the type species of many other species.
This clade is still under review.
It is among the last of the subsets of the LRT to recover full resolution. Putting them together in one graphic can be helpful in sorting out the lumps from the splits.
References
Laizier L and de Parieu J 1838. Description et determination d’une machoire fossile appartenant a un mammifere jusqu’a pressent inconnu, Hyaenodon leptorhynchus. Comptes-rendus hebdomadaires des séances de l’Académie des Sciences, Paris 7:442.
Scott WM 1895. The osteology of Hyaenodon. Academy Natural Sciences Philadelphia Journal 9:499-536. online here.
wiki/Sinonyx
wiki/Andrewsarchus
wiki/Harpagolestes
wiki/Mesonyx
wiki/Triisodon
wiki/Didymoconus
wiki/Creondonta
Source: https://pterosaurheresies.wordpress.com/2024/11/27/the-hyaenodontid-clade-within-the-former-creodonta/
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