Why very distant galaxies have very sharp boundaries?

Ethan Siegel has published an interesting popular article in Bigthink (see this). It states that the deepest of the Hubble deep fields, the Ultra Deep Field and the eXtreme Deep Field, show compact, luminous galaxies amidst a sea of total darkness. They are visible against dark background as bright spots. How this is possible? One would except that their brightness gradually fades near the boundaries.

The explanation discussed in the article of Siegel is that much of the actual starlight had been oversubtracted as part of the field-flattening method used. When a proper reanalysis is conducted, the light is preserved, showing that the sky is brighter than anyone realized. The proposal for the subtractions is discussed in Astronomy Astrophysics article by Borlaff et al (see this).

TGD allows to consider an alternative explanation. There are observations about galaxies, which are so distant that they should not be visible at all since at at the moment of emission the Universe should have contained mostly neutral hydrogen absorbing the light and it would have been opaque. I considered the TGD explanation for these findings around 2018 (see this).

The light would arrive along monopole flux tubes connecting distant galaxies to our galaxy, to our solar system and to the Earth. These flux tubes correspond to 4-surfaces in H=M⁴×CP₂, kind of space-time quanta, and would act like light cables. The intensity of the signal strength would not be reduced as inverse of the distance squared as the standard view of space-time and fields predicts. This would make possible to receive light from objects, which are beyond the distance, which corresponds to the time when ionization took place and the universe became transparent (see this). There is evidence for these object (see this, this and this).

These light cables would have sharp boundaries, which would explain the sharp bounaries of galaxies without need for subtraction. This would also give an estimate for the transversal size of the monopole flux tubes or flux tube bundless.

For a summary of earlier postings see Latest progress in TGD.

For the lists of articles (most of them published in journals founded by Huping Hu) and books about TGD see this.